Bridge Inspection Procedure Manual

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It must be used when inspecting any publicly owned, operated or maintained bridge or large culvert in New York State that is open to vehicular traffic. There are a small number of bridges that do not carry traffic but are routinely inspected and have their data entered into the New York State Bridge Inventory and Inspection System. This manual is also used when inspecting these non-mandated bridges. It is vital that their condition is monitored and essential repairs are planned and completed in an efficient and timely manner. The systematic inspection, condition rating and monitoring system detailed in this manual allows the department to identify maintenance needs, assess the effectiveness of treatments, model patterns of deterioration and forecast future maintenance, rehabilitation and replacement budget needs. Let us know what you thought of this page and if there is other information you were expecting to find. Find out more. SCAM ALERT: Vehicle licence (rego) renewal phishing emails. It includes techniques, procedures and current technology and supersedes the previous (1991) edition. LEVEL THREE - are structural engineering inspections conducted by an experienced structural engineer. Where bridge conditions are beyond repair, LEGS will suggest options for bridge replacement and provide condition reporting that will assist Council to seek funding under the bridge replacement program. The report was utilized by Council to support a damages claim. Project involved producing a condition report with repair recommendations and timeframes, and also included site training of Council staff. The analysis categorized structures into different gross mass limit categories. Council received a detailed description of each bridge including an assessed live load capacity, axle mass limit and truck loading category. Various structures including steel and timber truss bridges. Date 08-17-16 Bridge Management System (BMS) Coding Guide Adobe PDF - 4.40 MB, Rev. http://tomekorea.com/userData/board/brother-mfc-990cw-user-manual.xml

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Date 02-14-20 Bridge Inspection Program Manager Duties and Responsibilities Adobe PDF - 98 KB, Rev. Date 08-20-19 Certified Bridge Inspector Sort by Letter Adobe PDF - 32 KB, Rev. Date 06-25-20 Certified Bridge Inspector Sort by Number Adobe PDF - 31 KB, Rev. Date 05 -06-25-20 Date 06-06-19 Gusset Plates Technical Advisory Adobe PDF - 20 KB, Rev. Date 01-29-10 Maintenance and Repair Handbook Adobe PDF - 4 MB, Rev. Date 08-13-11 Structure Number Request Form Excel XLSM - 34 KB, Rev. Date 04-01-20 Team Leader Requirements in Florida Adobe PDF - 426 KB, Rev. Submit a question or comment concerning Bridge Inspections by clicking here. Submit a question or comment concerning. Motivated by this need, a next-generation integrated bridge inspection system, called SeeBridge, has been proposed. An Information Delivery Manual (IDM) was compiled to specify the technical components, activities and information exchanges in the SeeBridge process, and a Model View Definition (MVD) was prepared to specify the data exchange schema to serve the IDM. The MVD was bound to the IFC4 Add2 data schema standard. The IDM and MVD support research and development of the system by rigorously defining the information and data that structure bridge engineers' knowledge. The SeeBridge process is mapped, parts of the data repositories are presented, and the future use of the IDM is discussed. The development underlines the real potential for automated inspection of infrastructure at large, because it demonstrates that the hurdles in the way of automated acquisition of detailed and semantically rich models of existing infrastructure are computational in nature, not instrumental, and are surmountable with existing technologies. Do you want to read the rest of this article. Request full-text Advertisement Citations (24) References (25). In such cases, structures must be strengthened. http://dolina-climata.ru/img/lib/brother-mfc-j430w-printer-manual.xml

The most popular technique of strengthening is based on the use of composite materials-fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) elements attached to the structure with the special resins. FRP elements are applied externally, often in hard to reach places, which makes it difficult to diagnose the durability and quality of such a connection. In this study, a combination of a modern thermographic method was proposed, which makes it possible to assess the degree of damage to the contact of the structure with the composite material along with the running platform (wheeled robot) equipped with a set of diagnostic sensors. The development potential of such a solution for subsequent projects was also indicated. View Show abstract.Building models, including their elements’ fabrication details, are complex structures that need accurate information delivery among the project participants and their partial designs. This paper extends the IFC data model to support prefabricated construction. Also, it discusses the advantages of systematically managing exchange requirements in a database to facilitate generating IDM (Information Delivery Manual). The paper first introduces a BIM-based collaborative work mode by sharing and extracting the model views. The core of the sharing is the establishment of view exchange standard about the linked model and the definition of exchange requirements based on the design process, leading to the formulation of the IDM standard again from the perspective of the actual design. Process maps covering architecture, structure, plumbing, mechanical engineering, and electrical engineering are made to show how to realize BIM-based collaborative work. Then the exchange requirements referred to the object and attribute of the BIM model which should be delivered in a special phase are defined in particular tables. http://fscl.ru/content/3jh2e-manual

To facilitate the automation of managing and exchanging requirements, a database management system is designed with its corresponding user-interface, which enhances the collaboration and delivery throughout the project life cycle. The proposed approach supports better information reuse and delivery among the project participants. View Show abstract. In order to accomplish this, the patterns are stored in an ontology together with information about the structure as well as the causations and influence factors. By using rule engines, such as Drools (Red Hat Inc., 2018), the damage patterns in the ontology could be retrieved... In addition, as part of the SeeBridge project, an IFC-extension has been developed which supports the modelling and visualization of bridge defects and damages in a software prototype. Therefore, the relevant information is determined by data from previously recorded point clouds (Sacks, et al., 2018).. Modular Concatenation of Reference Damage Patterns Conference Paper Full-text available Sep 2018 Al-Hakam Hamdan Raimar Scherer Although, catalogues and collections exist which contain knowledge about damage and common patterns that could enable the application of software assessment methods, recorded damage data must still be evaluated by experts. For this reason, an approach is developed and discussed in this article that allows the semi-automatic conclusion of damage causations by the input of inspection data and vice versa. Therefore, an ontology is created by using the Web Ontology Language (OWL) which is structured in the three knowledge domains for damage-, structure-, and causational elements, so that unidentified information could be retrieved by using semantic reasoning. Furthermore, the damage is structured in reference damage patterns which allow computer-aided modelling of damage based on predefined conditions or parameters. http://halex-group.com/images/bridge-camera-manual-lens.pdf

Additionally, retrieved data can be mapped to a generic damage model, which can be linked with external data sources such as measurement datasets as well as BIM models. BIM is envisioned as a comprehensive, accurate and up-todate digital representation of a building. The initial manual segmentation scheme chosen for the Grocka bridge model divides the bridge into six different point clusters (Fig 12).. Bridge damage: Detection, IFC-based semantic enrichment and visualization Article Full-text available Jan 2020 AUTOMAT CONSTR Dusan Isailovic Vladeta Stojanovic Matthias Trapp Jurgen Dollner Building Information Modeling (BIM) representations of bridges enriched by inspection data will add tremendous value to future Bridge Management Systems (BMSs). This paper presents an approach for point cloud-based detection of spalling damage, as well as integrating damage components into a BIM via semantic enrichment of an as-built Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) model. An approach for generating the as-built BIM, geometric reconstruction of detected damage point clusters and semantic-enrichment of the corresponding IFC model is presented. Multiview-classification is used and evaluated for the detection of spalling damage features. The semantic enrichment of as-built IFC models is based on injecting classified and reconstructed damage clusters back into the as-built IFC, thus generating an accurate as-is IFC model compliant to the BMS inspection requirements. Specific uses of IFC have been narrowed to smaller subsets using a fraction of the data definitions, called Model View Definitions (MVD). While asdesign modelling is quite common and usually straightforward, as-built modelling is challenging because of being based on the real outcome of the construction, instead of the idea behind it. These inspections are the main source of data regarding the actualized state of the asset (as-is model), and therefore heavily impact its management.. https://voolabs.com/wp-content/plugins/formcraft/file-upload/server/content/files/1628734e89f132---cagiva-elefant-650-manual.pdf

3D Point Cloud to BIM: Semi-Automated Framework to Define IFC Alignment Entities from MLS-Acquired LiDAR Data of Highway Roads Article Full-text available Jul 2020 Mario Soilan Andres Justo Dominguez Ana Sanchez Rodriguez B. Riveiro Building information modeling (BIM) is a process that has shown great potential in the building industry, but it has not reached the same level of maturity for transportation infrastructure. There is a standardization need for information exchange and management processes in the infrastructure that integrates BIM and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Currently, the Industry Foundation Classes standard has harmonized different infrastructures under the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) 4.3 release. Furthermore, the usage of remote sensing technologies such as laser scanning for infrastructure monitoring is becoming more common. This paper presents a semi-automated framework that takes as input a raw point cloud from a mobile mapping system, and outputs an IFC-compliant file that models the alignment and the centreline of each road lane in a highway road. The point cloud processing methodology is validated for two of its key steps, namely road marking processing and alignment and road line extraction, and a UML diagram is designed for the definition of the alignment entity from the point cloud data. View Show abstract.Sacks et al. (2018) extended their work on bridge inspection in 2018. Additionally to their information delivery manual, they published a model view definition.. State of the Art in Damage Information Modeling for Bridges Conference Paper Full-text available Jul 2019 Mathias Artus Christian Koch The Bridge collapse in Genoa let us take a closer look at the health state of bridges. Inspection and maintenance is essential to ensure the serviceability and safety of bridges. Current inspection on site is often done manually on paper, and paper is the medium to exchange condition information between involved stakeholders. automatismes-ses.com/ckfinder/userfiles/files/compliance-manual.pdf

After damage registration or information exchange, the data is processed digitally. The repeated digitalization is an error prone process and leads to redundant work. A dedicated information model, called damage information model, could provide a solution to improve the information exchange. This present paper investigates the state of practice and research in damage information modeling for bridges. After analyzing bridge damage data, it reviews different norms, guidelines, and existing research papers. Analyzing different national practices and synthesizing available research results form the basis for the presented achievements and challenges in the field of damage information modelling. Fourth, the process is expensive and laborious. Modern camera equipped unmanned aircraft systems are used to generate high-resolution digital image data of the structural surface. The flight path is automatically computed from a basic 3D model and ensures that the image set will satisfy defined quality parameters according to the desired information extraction. State-of-the-art photogrammetry and machine learning based feature detection methods are employed to automatically compute high-resolution geo-referenced 3D structural geometries and to identify typical damage patterns such as cracks. Further framework components dedicated to condition assessment allow the mapping of damages to structural parts and the calibration of mechanical numerical simulation models used to compute the internal structural demand under design loads. Data models are proposed that allow a consistent data storage and management to serve as a basis for all algorithmic components. The application of the framework to a large bridge structure showcases how the integration of digital systems and algorithms forms the basis for an intelligent and potentially autonomous safety assessment of very large infrastructures. {-Variable.fc_1_url-

One main advantage of 3D methods is that they can be useful for depicting complex geometries and sensor typologies. A critical aspect of these intervention and preservation methods is the visualization and accessibility of large, heterogeneous data sets. To enable diverse stakeholders to make informed choices, data and metadata for the built environment needs to be directly integrated into a user's viewing environment. To address this challenge, a human-machine interface which organizes these types of data and provides actionable information is necessary. The main aim of this work is to develop a preliminary framework for documenting and visualizing data about the built environment both on and off site using a combination of image-based documentation and augmented reality (AR). While this work illustrates preliminary annotation mechanisms such as drawing, the concept of projecting data between the image-based environment and the AR environment is the main contribution of this work. This method was applied to test objects as well as case studies in SHM and building pathology. Regardless on the method used to extract the defect geometry, the result will be in a form of a triangulated mesh that can be overlaid with a texture.. The future of BIM and Bridge Management Systems Conference Paper Full-text available Mar 2019 Dusan Isailovic Marija Petronijevic Rade Hajdin It is foreseeable that in not so distant future, Building Information Models (BIM) of both newly built and existing bridges will be available. These models can and will be included into the Bridge Management System (BMS) and will significantly enhance the quantity of useful information in future BMS. Apart from exact semantic and spatial specification, BIM can embed realistic structural system of a bridge as well as the relevant load situations. In principle, the inspection results can be directly captured in the BIM using photogrammetry or some other procedure. https://az4group.com.br/wp-content/plugins/formcraft/file-upload/server/content/files/1628734fa5215f---Cad-manual-for-architectural-services-department-projects.pdf

Cracks, spalling, deformation, and other defects will be a part of a BIM, which in the most cases alter the BIM geometry. The data stored in future BMS include also other changes that a bridge experience during its life span. This includes strengthening, widening, seismic retrofit and other structural changes. In short fBMS is similar to the 6D BIM or Asset Information Model, which continues to be updated during the whole service life of a bridge. The paper discusses the BIM requirements of owner and operators and shows where these deviate from design and construction needs. It presents conceptual framework for integration of BIM in BMS developed by the authors in recent years. It consists of damages modeled in 3D as boundary shape representations combined with meaningful damage parameters (e.g.. An ontological model for the representation of damage to constructions Conference Paper Full-text available Jul 2019 Al-Hakam Hamdan Mathias Bonduel Raimar Scherer The Damage Topology Ontology (DOT) is presented, a web ontology that provides terminology to represent construction-related damages and their topology as well as relations to affected construction elements and spatial zones. Besides the topology, classes and properties for documentation management and a minimal structural assessment have been proposed in DOT. In this regard, DOT provides all classes and properties needed for practical use in construction inspections and damage assessment. The ontology is developed to be used with the modular Linked Building Data ontologies structure, where DOT works as core damage ontology which can be extended with multiple modules related to detailed damage classification, damage assessment, mechanical degradation and other application scenarios. www.dubaimotorcycletours.com/uploaded_images/files/compliance-manual-sample.pdf

Geometrical damage representations are separated from the topology, so that it is possible to initially record damages during the inspection without any geometrical properties and link it later with a corresponding representation using terminology from geometry-related ontologies. In conclusion, DOT can be applied as a stand-alone web ontology to represent damages in a machine-interpretable format and replace conventional record approaches. Therefore, a generic terminology is used that enables the inclusion of various types of damage, which can be extended with domain-specific information. Third, IFC itself is suitable to model damages, too. For this purpose, Sacks et al.Beside others, bridges and stations have to be rehabilitated. Several inspections and maintenance actions take place within these processes during which different actors collect, digitize and exchange bridge and damage information. Currently, inspection and maintenance practice relies on paper based data collection and exchange, which is time consuming and error prone. A way of storing and exchanging damage data in a digital format would lower the costs as well as support future needs, e.g. automated maintenance planning, structural integrity analysis and mixed reality inspections. A majority of damages are physical damages, like cracks and spalling. This paper presents two different approaches to model physical damages using the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC). Finally, the modelling concepts are tested with multiple BIM applications. Although the tests show that IFC is capable of modeling physical damages, current software tools do not support IFC up to its full potential. The same problem exists for representing damages in IFC. Although, in this case IFC extensions have been proposed such as (Sacks et al., 2018; Tanaka et al., 2018), the extension schemas cover only damages and defects that occur on bridges and therefore are too domain specific. Consequently, this increases the risk of data loss and incorrect information due to human misinterpretation. Therefore, a Multimodel-based approach has been developed in which stone facades of existing buildings are digitized as IFC-model by using proxy entities and linked with web ontologies for semantic enrichment. Additionally, detected anomalies in the stone structure are implemented and linked with geometrical representations. By utilizing additional rules and inference mechanisms, the anomalies can be classified, and a knowledge-based damage assessment is processed. In the field of bridge, Sacks et al.Overall, the application of openBIM facilitates the process of domain information representation, thus improving information management of construction industry.. OpenBIM: An Enabling Solution for Information Interoperability Article Full-text available Dec 2019 Shaohua Jiang Liping Jiang Yunwei Han Na Wang The expansion of scale and the increase of complexity of construction projects puts higher requirements on the level of collaboration among different stakeholders. How to realize better information interoperability among multiple disciplines and different software platforms becomes a key problem in the collaborative process.In this paper, the openBIM related standards, software platforms, and tools enabling information interoperability are introduced and analyzed comprehensively based on related websites and literature. Furthermore, engineering information interoperability research supported by openBIM is analyzed from the perspectives of information representation, information query, information exchange, information extension, and information integration. Finally, research gaps and future directions are presented based on the analysis of existing research. The systematic analysis of the theory and practice of openBIM in this paper can provide support for its further research and application. As can be seen in Fig. 3, the result of the sliding window algorithm is a set of classified, overlapping crops that can later be used to form a mask for the initial picture. In the software package presented in this work, both the generated masks and original images with marked defects can be obtained.. Transfer learning for leveraging computer vision in infrastructure maintenance Preprint Full-text available Apr 2020 Mateusz Zarski Bartosz Wojcik Jaroslaw Adam Miszczak Monitoring the technical condition of infrastructure is a crucial element to its maintenance. Currently, the applied methods are outdated, labour intensive and highly inaccurate. At the same time, the latest methods using Artificial Intelligence techniques, despite achieving satisfactory results in the detection of infrastructure damage, are severely limited in their application due to two main factors - labour-intensive gathering of new datasets and high demand for computing power. In the presented work, we propose to utilize Transfer Learning techniques and computer vision to overcome these limiting factor and fully harness the advantages of Artificial Intelligence methods. We describe a framework which enables hassle-free development of unique infrastructure defects detectors on digital images, achieving the accuracy of above 90. The framework supports semi-automatic creation of new datasets and has modest computing power requirements. It is implemented in the form of a ready-to-use software package distributed under an open software licence and available for the public. Thus, it can be used to immediately implement the methods proposed in this paper in the process of infrastructure management by government units, regardless of their financial capabilities. With the help of introduced framework it is possible to improve the efficiency of infrastructure management and the quality of its life cycle documentation globally, leading to a more accurate mapping of the processes taking place in the infrastructure's life cycle for better infrastructure planning in the future. This process can be error-prone and time-consuming when performed manually (e.g., introducing errors in decisions due to incorrect observations). Generation and injection of semantics into point clouds is based on associating each segmented point cluster with either metric (Armeni et al. 2017), domain expertise (Sacks et al. 2018), or probabilistic deep-learning-based processes and their outputs (Che et al. 2019).. Ontology-Driven Analytics for Indoor Point Clouds Conference Paper Full-text available May 2020 Vladeta Stojanovic Benjamin Hagedorn Matthias Trapp Jurgen Dollner Automated processing, semantic-enrichment and visual analytics methods for point clouds are often use-case specific for a given domain (e.g, for Facility Management (FM) applications). Currently, this means that applicable processing techniques, semantics and visual analytics methods need to be selected, generated or implemented by human domain experts, which is an error-prone, subjective and non-interoperable process. An ontology-driven analytics approach can be used to solve this problem by creating and maintaining a Knowledge Base, and utilizing an ontology for automatically suggesting optimal selection of processing and analytics techniques for point clouds. We present an approach of an ontology-driven analytics concept and system design, which supports smart representation, exploration, and processing of indoor point clouds. We present and provide an overview of high-level concept and architecture for such a system, along with related key technologies and approaches based on previously published case studies. We also describe key requirements for system components, and discuss the feasibility of their implementation within a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA). Yet, despite workers being made aware of the dangers associated with not wearing a safety harness, many forget or purposefully do not wear them when working at heights. To address this problem, this paper develops an automated computer vision-based method that uses two convolutional neural network (CNN) models to determine if workers are wearing their harness when performing tasks while working at heights. The algorithms developed are: (1) a Faster-R-CNN to detect the presence of a worker; and (2) a deep CNN model to identify the harness. A database of photographs of people working at heights was created from activities undertaken on several construction projects in Wuhan, China. The database was then used to test and train the developed networks. The precision and recall rates for the Faster R-CNN were 99 and 95, and the CNN models 80 and 98, respectively. The results demonstrate that the developed method can accurately detect workers not wearing their harness. Thus, the computer vision-based approach developed can be used by construction and safety managers as a mechanism to proactively identify unsafe behavior and therefore take immediate action to mitigate the likelihood of a FFH occurring. For products with long lifecycles such as bridges and dams, the maintenance and inspection stages are very important to keep the product safe and well-functioning. Past inspection information is summarized in a document consisting of the 2D sketches of bridge degradation drawings. However, this degradation sketch is in 2D, and it has no correspondence with the 3D world. In this study, we propose a method to associate important information of 2D sketches with a 3D industry foundation classes (IFC) model, which is a standardized computer aided design model. To display a VR image of a bridge during the inspection process, the proposed method is applied to the 3D IFC model of the bridge and 2D degradation sketch of the inspection report. The paper highlights the importance of a well-defined development process and the involvement of an international expert panel. The paper describes both the development process and the outcome -- the actual extension of the IFC standard. In this regard, emphasis is given to the general principles of extending IFC, such as minimizing the number of new entities. View Show abstract Digital Twinning of Existing Reinforced Concrete Bridges from Labelled Point Clusters Article May 2019 AUTOMAT CONSTR Ruodan Lu Ioannis Brilakis The automation of digital twinning for existing reinforced concrete bridges from point clouds remains an unresolved problem. Whilst current methods can automatically detect bridge objects in point clouds in the form of labelled point clusters, the fitting of accurate 3D shapes to point clusters remains largely human dependent largely. 95 of the total manual modelling time is spent on customizing shapes and fitting them correctly. The challenges exhibited in the fitting step are due to the irregular geometries of existing bridges. Existing methods can fit geometric primitives such as cuboids and cylinders to point clusters, assuming bridges are comprised of generic shapes. However, the produced geometric digital twins are too ideal to depict the real geometry of bridges. In addition, none of the existing methods have explicitly demonstrated how to evaluate the resulting Industry Foundation Classes bridge data models in terms of spatial accuracy using quantitative measurements. In this article, we tackle these challenges by delivering a slicing-based object fitting method that can generate the geometric digital twin of an existing reinforced concrete bridge from four types of labelled point cluster.